Agriculture, Forestry, and Land Use (AFOLU)

Agriculture

The Agriculture subsector is used to quantify emissions associated with growing crops, including emissions from the release of soil carbon, fertilizer applications and crop liming, crop burning, methane emissions from paddy rice fields, AND MORE;CONTINUE. Agriculture is divided into the following categories (crops), given by the metavariable $CAT-AGRICULTURE$ . Each crop should be associated an FAO classifications. See the FAO for the source of these classifications and a complete mapping of crop types to categories. On the git, the table ingestion/FAOSTAT/ref/attribute_fao_crop.csv contains the information mapping each crop to this crop type. Note, this table can be used to merge and aggregate data from FAO into these categories. If a crop type is not present in a country, set the associated area as a fraction of crop area to 0.

Variables by Category

Agriculture requires the following variables.

For each agricultural category, trajectories of the following variables are needed.
Variable	Information	Variable Schema
Cropland Area Proportion	Proportion of total crop area (%/100), where crop area is calculated as the product of the country’s area (`area_country_ha`) and the fraction of land use that is devoted to crop land (`frac_lu_cropland`)	`frac_area_cropland_$CAT-AGRICULTURE$`
$\text{CH}$_4$$ Crop Activity Emission Factor	Annual average $\text{CH}$_4$$ (methane) emitted per ha of crop grown. Rice is the only crop that should be non-zero. This will be 0 for most crops (or negligible).	`ef_agactivity_$CAT-AGRICULTURE$_$UNIT-MASS$_$EMISSION-GAS$_$UNIT-AREA$` (`$EMISSION-GAS$ = ch4`, `$UNIT-AREA$ = ha`)
$\text{CO}$_2$$ Crop Activity Emission Factor	Annual average $\text{CO}$_2$$ (carbon dioxide) emitted per ha of crop; for the purposes of accounting and calibration. This includes the following categories: crop burning…	`ef_agactivity_$CAT-AGRICULTURE$_$UNIT-MASS$_$EMISSION-GAS$_$UNIT-AREA$` (`$EMISSION-GAS$ = co2`, `$UNIT-AREA$ = ha`)
$\text{N}$_2$\text{O}$ Crop Activity Emission Factor	Annual average $\text{N}$_2$\text{O}$ (nitrous oxide) emitted per ha of crop grown (‚â• 0)	`ef_agactivity_$CAT-AGRICULTURE$_$UNIT-MASS$_$EMISSION-GAS$_$UNIT-AREA$` (`$EMISSION-GAS$ = n2o`, `$UNIT-AREA$ = ha`)

Categories

Agriculture is divided into the following categories.

Agricultural categories ( $CAT-AGRICULTURE$ attribute table)
Category Name	$CAT-AGRICULTURE$	Description
Beverage crops	`bevs_and_spices`	tea, cinnamon, vanilla, cocoa, matte, ginger, peppermint…
Coffee (café)	`coffee`	Coffee crops
Fibers	`fibers`	Cotton, tobacco, flax, hemp…
Fruits (frutas)	`fruits`	Fruits including bananas, mangoes, plantains, oranges, lemons, apples…
Maize (maize)	`maize`	Corn (maize) crops
Nuts	`nuts`	brazil nuts, cashew nuts, chestnuts, almonds, walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, kolanuts…
Pulses and derived crops	`pulses`	Pulses include dry beans, peas, lentiles, …
Oil bearing crops	`oil_bearing`	Perennial crops used primarily for oil, inlcuding soy, palm, coconuts, olives…
Other Cereal and Grains	`cereals`	Crops including wheat, sorghum, barley…
Rice	`rice`	Paddy rice crops (methane emitting)
Roots and Tubers	`tubers`	Roots and tubers, including cassava, potatoes, yams…
Vegetables	`vegetables`	Vegetables including cabbages, artichokes, asparagus, lettuce, spinach, tomatoes, cauliflower, chilies, eggplant, onions, garlic…

Costs to be added

Forestry

Variables by Category

For each forest category, trajectories of the following variables are needed.
Variable	Information	Variable Schema
Forest Area Proportion	Proportion of total forested area (%/100), where forested area is calculated as the product of the country’s area (`area_country_ha`) and the fraction of land use that is devoted to forested land (`frac_lu_forest`)	`frac_area_forest_$CAT-FOREST$`
Forest Sequestration Emission Factor	Annual average $\text{CO}_2$ emitted per ha from sequestration (< 0 – this is a negative number)	`ef_sequestration_$CAT-FOREST$_$UNIT-MASS$_$EMISSION-GAS$_$UNIT-AREA$` (`$EMISSION-GAS$ = co2`, `$UNIT-AREA$ = ha`)
Forest Fire Emission Factor	Annual average $\text{CO}_2$ emitted per ha due to forest fires (≥ 0)	`ef_forestfires_$CAT-FOREST$_$UNIT-MASS$_$EMISSION-GAS$_$UNIT-AREA$` (`$EMISSION-GAS$ = co2`, `$UNIT-AREA$ = ha`)

Categories

Forestry is divided into the following categories. These categories reflect an aggregation of forestry types into emission-relevant categories.

Forest categories ( $CAT-FOREST$ attribute table)
Category Name	$CAT-FOREST$	Description	Data Source	Hyperlink	Notes
Mangroves	`mangroves`
Primary Wet Forest	`primary_wet`
Primary Dry Forest	`primary_dry`
Secondary Wet Forest	`secondary_wet`
Secondary Dry Forest	`secondary_dry`

Land Use

Variables by Category

For each land use category, trajectories of the following variables are needed.
Variable	Information	Variable Schema	Variable Type	Notes
Land Use Area Proportion	Proportion of total country area (%/100)	`frac_lu_$CAT-LANDUSE$`
Land Use Transition Probability	Transition probability in steady state Markov Chain Model	`pij_$CAT-LANDUSE-I$_$CAT-LANDUSE-J$`

Variables by Partial Category

Land use includes some variables that apply only to a subset of categories. These variables are described below. The categories that variables apply to are described in the category column.

Note

Note that the sum of all land use categories u at time period t should be should equal 1, i.e. $\sum_u \varphi_u(t) = 1$, where $\varphi_{\text{$CAT-LANDUSE$}}(t) \to$ frac_lu_$CAT-LANDUSE$ at period t.

Trajectories of the following variables are needed for **some** land use categories.
Variable	Information	Variable Schema	Categories
Land Use Soil Carbon $\text{CO}_2$ Emission Factor	Annual average $\text{CO}_2$ emitted per ha due to soil carbon release from grazing (CHECK THIS)	`ef_soil_carbon_$CAT-LANDUSE$_$UNIT-MASS$_$EMISSION-GAS$_$UNIT-AREA$` (`$EMISSION-GAS$ = co2`, `$UNIT-AREA$ = ha`)	`pasture`
Land Use Pasture $\text{N}_2\text{O}$ Emission Factor	Annual average $\text{N}_2\text{O}$ emitted per ha from liming and fertilization	`ef_existence_$CAT-LANDUSE$_$UNIT-MASS$_$EMISSION-GAS$_$UNIT-AREA$` (`$EMISSION-GAS$ = n2o`, `$UNIT-AREA$ = ha`)	`pasture`
Land Use BOC $\text{CH}_4$ Emission Factor	Annual average $\text{CH}_4$ emitted per ha due decay of organic matter (CHECK THIS).	`ef_boc_$CAT-LANDUSE$_$UNIT-MASS$_$EMISSION-GAS$_$UNIT-AREA$` (`$EMISSION-GAS$ = ch4`, `$UNIT-AREA$ = ha`)	`wetlands`

Categories

Land use should be divided into the following categories, given by $CAT-LANDUSE$ .

Land Use categories ( $CAT-LANDUSE$ attribute table)
Category Name	$CAT-LANDUSE$	Definition
Cropland	`cropland`	Area of land devoted to growing crops for consumption and industrial purposes. Does not include pastures.
Forests	`forest`	Area of land covered in forest (including mangroves)
Grasslands	`grassland`	Area of non-pasture grassland
Other	`other`	Other land use categories
Pastures	`pasture`	Area of land used to support grazing for livestock
Settlements	`settlement`	Area of land devoted to urban/suburban development. Assume no emissions from land use (primary emissions captured elsewhere).
Water	`water`	Area of the country considered to be water (non-land area).
Wetlands	`wetlands`	Wetlands, which emit $\text{CH}_4$

Livestock

For each category, the following variables are needed. Information on enteric fermentation can be found from the EPA and ADDITIONAL LINKS HERE.

Variables by Category

For each livestock category, trajectories of the following variables are needed.
Variable	Information	Variable Schema	Dashboard	Notes	Data Link	Reference
Head count	Population of animal	`lvst_pop_$CAT-LIVESTOCK$`	Head Count Dashboard	FAO: This variable indicates the number of animals of the species present in the country at the time of enumeration.	Head Count data on Google Drive	FAO - Head Count
$\text{CH}_4$ Enteric Fermentation Emission Factor	This represents emissions from enteric fermentation, primarily occuring in multigastric ruminant livestock (including buffalo, camels, cattle, goats, and sheep)	`ef_lvst_entferm_$CAT-LIVESTOCK$_$UNIT-MASS$_$EMISSION-GAS$_$UNIT-POPULATION$` (`$EMISSION-GAS$ = ch4`, `$UNIT-POPULATION$ = head`)	Enteric Fermentation (CH4) Dashboard	FAO: buffaloes, camels, cattle dairy, cattle non dairy, goats, horses, llamas, mules, sheep.	Enteric Fermentation (CH4) data on Google Drive	FAO Enteric Fermentation
$\text{CH}_4$ Manure Management Emission Factor	Methane emissions from manure management	`ef_lvst_mm_$CAT-LANDUSE$_$UNIT-MASS$_$EMISSION-GAS$_$UNIT-POPULATION$` (`$EMISSION-GAS$ = ch4`, `$UNIT-POPULATION$ = head`)	Manure Management (CH4) Dashboard	FAO: buffaloes, camels, cattle dairy, cattle non dairy, chickens broilers, chickens layers, goats, horses, llamas, mules, sheep	Manure Management (CH4) data on Google Drive	FAO Manure Management (CH4)
$\text{N}_2\text{O}$ Manure Management Emission Factor	This represents the per-animal nitrus oxide ($\text{N}_2\text{O}$) emissions from manure management	`ef_lvst_mm_$CAT-LANDUSE$_$UNIT-MASS$_$EMISSION-GAS$_$UNIT-POPULATION$` (`$EMISSION-GAS$ = n2o`, `$UNIT-POPULATION$ = head`)	UNDER CONSTRUCTION		Manure Management (N2O) data on Google Drive	FAO Manure Management (N2O)

Categories

Livestock should be divided into the following categories, given by $CAT-LIVESTOCK$ .

Livestock categories ( $CAT-LIVESTOCK$ attribute table)
Category Name	$CAT-LIVESTOCK$	Definition	Notes
Buffalo	`buffalo`	Buffalo livestock	Head count (stocks)/Products - Live Animals: buffalo; CH4 Enteric Fermentation: none (NEED ASSUMPTION); CH4 Manure Management: none (NEED ASSUMPTION)
Cattle - Dairy	`cattle_dairy`	Cattle livestock raised for dairy only	Head count (stocks)/Products - Live Animals: cattle; CH4 Enteric Fermentation: cattle dairy; CH4 Manure Management: cattle dairy
Cattle - Dual Purpose	`cattle_dual_purpose`	Cattle livestock raised for dairy, then meat	Head count (stocks)/Products - Live Animals: cattle; CH4 Enteric Fermentation: cattle non-dairy; CH4 Manure Management: cattle non-dairy
Cattle - Meat	`cattle_meat`	Cattle livestock raised exclusively for meat	Head count (stocks)/Products - Live Animals: cattle; CH4 Enteric Fermentation: cattle non-dairy; CH4 Manure Management: cattle non-dairy
Chickens	`chickens`	Chicken livestock	Head count (stocks)/Products - Live Animals: chickens; CH4 Enteric Fermentation: none (NO ENTERIC FERMENTATION FOR CHICKENS, ASSUME 0); CH4 Manure Management: chickens, broilers, chickens layers
Goats	`goats`	Goats livestock	Head count (stocks)/Products - Live Animals: goats; CH4 Enteric Fermentation: goats; CH4 Manure Management: goats
Horses	`horses`	Horses livestock	Head count (stocks)/Products - Live Animals: horses; CH4 Enteric Fermentation: horses; CH4 Manure Management: horses
Mules	`mules`	Mules livestock	Head count (stocks)/Products - Live Animals: mules; CH4 Enteric Fermentation: mules; CH4 Manure Management: mules
Pigs	`pigs`	Pigs livestock	Head count (stocks)/Products - Live Animals: pigs; CH4 Enteric Fermentation: none (NO ENTERIC FERMENTATION FOR PIGS, ASSUME 0); CH4 Manure Management: none (NEED TO CHECK)
Sheep	`sheep`	Sheep livestock	Head count (stocks)/Products - Live Animals: sheep; CH4 Enteric Fermentation: sheep; CH4 Manure Management: sheep